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No. 2002-0123-HCL
Institute for Corean-American Studies, Inc. 965 Clover Court, Blue Bell, PA 19422
Tel : (610) 277-9989; (610) 277-0149
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[Editor's note: We gratefully acknowledge a generous contribution, with a
written permission, of this paper of Hoi Chang Lee to ICAS.
sjk] Hoi Chang Lee * If there is any comfort to be found in that loss, it must be in the vision and courage of your leaders, and the valor of so many of your citizens. For our part, 50 years ago, Koreans had a firsthand view of American courage. In places with names like "Heartbreak Ridge," "Pork Chop Hill," and so many others, we saw--and we remember --countless individual acts of heroism. I would like to reconfirm today that the Republic of Korea stands with you, and that our support is unqualified and unconditional. Further, if trusted by the Korean people to lead them in the future, I will ensure that this support is unwavering. Before I begin my remarks, I would like to take just a moment to thank The Heritage Foundation and President Ed Feulner, and the American Enterprise Institute and President Chris DeMuth for hosting this most enjoyable and enlightening event. Your warm hospitality is matched only by the unparalleled expertise each of your institutions can claim with regard to Asia. In fact, the dialogue you hosted with a similar group of experts and friends during my visit to Washington nearly two years ago was indeed a highlight of that trip. So I am delighted to have the chance for a return engagement. Since that visit, many things have changed--for example, the leaders of the two Koreas have met in a much celebrated summit. And the world, post September 11, is a different place. Still, much remains the same. Even as we seek to improve inter-Korean ties, we continue to be deeply concerned about peace and security on the peninsula. Let me make it clear that I believe our policy toward North Korea--the policy of both Seoul and Washington, if I may say--should be one of engagement. There is no viable alternative. The North's formidable mili-tary capability, weapons of mass destruction and missile threat, as well as the humanitarian suffering, and pain of national division, are too serious to ignore. And too serious to be dealt with through policies of isolation, or containment, or simply what some call "benign neglect." The Kim Dae Jung government in fact has eagerly pursued engagement in the form of the so-called Sunshine Policy. This policy aims to improve relations with the North primarily through the provision of generous quantities of aid. And although the inter-Korean relationship is stalled at the moment, I think the policy has achieved some positive results, particularly in keeping Pyongyang from serious mischief or provocation. The Sunshine Policy also has its shortcomings. By being overly zealous and generous, it contributed to a breakdown of consensus and diminished sense of security among our people, not to mention the negative effects on our economy. When I criticize these aspects of the Sunshine Policy, people ask, what then is my alternative? My North Korea policy does not have an evocative name. It might simply be called "strategic engagement." It does, however, have a clear set of goals and principles, which I will summarize in five points:
We need to approach the North Korean problem in a business-like way. We should appeal to their self-interest, rather than relying on their good will. For our part, we should deal with the North in good faith, but not with the illusion that somehow it will be reciprocated or that agreements will be kept without our insistence. A proactive approach should be balanced with healthy skepticism. In sum, we need a policy flexible, yet firm enough to induce Pyongyang to negotiate, cooperate, and exchange with us. Another critical element of our approach to North Korea is close trilateral coordination among the Republic of Korea, the United States, and Japan. It is true that relations between Korea and Japan can be touchy, usually over the issue of past history. However, geographically, we are destined to be neighbors and we have to learn to live and work together. Fortunately, our bilateral relationship is now mature enough to withstand occasional difficulties. As for China, it has played a constructive role regarding North Korea. It has had a moderating influence, trying to lead it toward a path that China itself has taken with success--that is, addressing economic problems in a pragmatic way. China is going through enormous social and even political changes. Those changes may accompany risks, to its government as well as to neighboring countries. We should try to help Beijing manage these changes, even if it means China's progress is slow in some areas. In this connection, I would like to compliment the United States for the recent improvement in U.S.-China relations. The progress toward a cooperative relationship is indeed a positive step. Russia also has a role to play, as both a former ally of North Korea and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. As a country undergoing profound political and economic changes itself, Russia can help in steering North Korea in a more positive direction. And now for a look in the mirror. We recognize that however brilliant our strategy for North Korea might be, it will not be effective unless we have our own political and economic house in order. During the past few years, Korea too has had its share of political turbulence. The tug of war between the government and the media, and the plethora of political corruption scandals have taken their toll. Our chief strength versus the North lies in the fact that we have a democratic government. But this government must be clean and effective. So far, the government of President Kim Dae Jung has had a mixed record. For a number of years I have advocated honesty and transparency in government. Now I am as determined as ever to bring about clean government and clean politics. We have finally to rid ourselves of money politics. Political cronyism has to go. Blind regionalism in politics must be broken. To consolidate true democracy in Korea, we must increase transparency, fairness, and accountability. In the economic sphere, the Korean economy is showing signs of improvement lately, as chip prices and the Korean stock market recover. Consumption, exports, and investment are on the way up. If the economy of our most important partner, the United States, also recovers this year as expected, it will be a tremendous boost for Korea. However, we still face the unfinished tasks of reforming the corporate and financial sectors, labor relations, and the government. This year, we will hold local and presidential elections, and I am deeply worried that political considerations may overshadow any true effort at reform during this critical time. The role of the good politician should be to shield economic reform from political influence that tries to set it off course. I try to promote a consistent vision and a reliable long-term economic plan. Instead of short-term adjustments and quick fixes, I believe in working to create sustained economic stability for the country, and making a difference for every Korean household. In meeting the challenges of economic reform and restructuring, I fully understand the importance of adhering to market principles and norms. Reform efforts during the last four years were largely controlled by the government. But in the future, if reforms are to stick, the market must be given precedence. Non-viable firms and financial institutions should be restructured or driven out of the marketplace. State-owned banks need to be privatized. Unreasonable government regulations that hamper corporate initiative should be scrapped. The chaebols ' transparency and corporate governance should be enhanced. Laws and principles should be respected in the labor market. Moreover, our capacity to restore confidence and stability in the Korean economy depends on finally rooting out corruption. We must do a better job to ensure transparency and accountability in the implementation of Korea's laws and in the running of its corporations. I have great confidence in the future of the Korean economy. And I have great confidence in the Korean people to work through these economic challenges. Through a dramatic rise from poverty, our people have shown that they are resilient and committed to improving their country's future. As we look ahead to the first decade of the twenty-first century, it is clear that there are both challenges and opportunities. We are now at a crossroads. We can pursue a path toward greater peace, economic well-being, and global cooperation. Or, we may encounter a rise of tension between North and South Korea, economic downturn, and international conflict. In my mind the choice is clear. With the right leadership, we have an excellent chance to create a brighter, more secure future for our people. In this effort, I consider close relations with the United States to be the cornerstone of Korea's security and prosperity. Our two countries are committed to the fundamental values of peace, freedom, and democracy. Together, we fought--and died--for these values. I am here today to reconfirm our friendship and stress the need for strengthened trust and cooperation for the next 50 years. *Hoi Chang Lee is president of the Grand National Party of South Korea. This speech was delivered on January 23, 2002 and sponsored by the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute. |
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